β¨ Overview of HC-12
The HC-12 is a wireless serial communication module based on the Si4463 RF transceiver IC. It allows wireless communication at distances up to 1 km (line of sight) and is commonly used in embedded systems, IoT, and wireless sensor networks.
π Key Features:
- Frequency: 433 MHz
- Range: Up to 1000 m (line of sight)
- Modulation: FSK
- Interface: UART (TTL Level)
- Voltage: 3.2V to 5.5V
- Baud Rate: Configurable (1200 to 115200 bps)
π AT Commands and Power Check
To enter Command Mode, pull the SET pin LOW before power-on or reset.
βΓΎ Example Commands:
- AT β Check if module responds
- AT+RX β Query all parameters
- AT+Bxxxx β Set baud rate (e.g., AT+B9600)
- AT+RP β Get transmitting power
- AT+FUx β Set working mode (FU1 to FU4)
π Sample Response from Module:
OK+B9600
OK+RC001
OK+RP:+20dBm
OK+FU3
πΉ Transmission Modes (FU1, FU2, FU3, FU4)
| Mode | Description | Latency | Power Use |
| FU1 | Balanced mode (default) | Medium | Medium |
| FU2 | Fast transmission, high power | Low | High |
| FU3 | Power saving, low speed | High | Low |
| FU4 | Fixed baud rate 1200, long range | High | Low |
𧱠Connection with USB to Serial Module
Wiring HC-12 to USB Serial Adapter:
| HC-12 Pin | Connects To |
| VCC | 3.3V / 5V |
| GND | GND |
| TXD | RXD |
| RXD | TXD |
| SET | GND (for AT mode) or Floating (for normal) |
π GUI Visualization of HC-12 Serial Data
Creating a GUI to visualize HC-12 communication is helpful for monitoring sensor data, logs, and module status.Recommended Tools:
| Tool | Language | Best For |
| PyQt6 / PySide6 | Python | Advanced desktop apps |
| Tkinter | Python | Simple interfaces |
| Processing | Java | Real-time graphics |
| Node-RED | JS | Web-based dashboards |
| MIT App Inventor | Drag-n-drop | Android GUI (via Bluetooth) |
Python GUI Example Using PyQt6:
pip install pyqt6 pyserial pyqtgraph
Python Sample Code Snippet:
import serial
import pyqtgraph as pg
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt6.QtCore import QTimer
ser = serial.Serial(‘COM5’, 9600) # Update COM port
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle(“HC-12 Viewer”)
self.graph = pg.PlotWidget()
self.data = []
self.label = QLabel(“Last Msg: –“)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.graph)
layout.addWidget(self.label)
central = QWidget()
central.setLayout(layout)
self.setCentralWidget(central)
self.timer = QTimer()
self.timer.timeout.connect(self.read_serial)
self.timer.start(200)
def read_serial(self):
if ser.in_waiting:
raw = ser.readline().decode().strip()
self.label.setText(f”Last Msg: {raw}”)
try:
val = float(raw)
self.data.append(val)
if len(self.data) > 100:
self.data.pop(0)
self.graph.plot(self.data, clear=True)
except:
pass
π Visualizing:
| Data | Visualization |
| Sensor Value | Line Chart |
| Signal Power | Bar Graph |
| Mode / Baud | Label |
| Logs | Scrollable Text |
π€ Summary
The HC-12 is a powerful tool for wireless serial communication. With proper setup and GUI integration, you can build an effective real-time monitoring system for IoT or sensor-based projects.
Let me know if you want a downloadable .exe or .py version of the GUI to share on your website.
β¨ Overview of HC-12
The HC-12 is a wireless serial communication module based on the Si4463 RF transceiver IC. It allows wireless communication at distances up to 1 km (line of sight) and is commonly used in embedded systems, IoT, and wireless sensor networks.
π Key Features:
- Frequency: 433 MHz
- Range: Up to 1000 m (line of sight)
- Modulation: FSK
- Interface: UART (TTL Level)
- Voltage: 3.2V to 5.5V
- Baud Rate: Configurable (1200 to 115200 bps)
- Transceiver IC: Silicon Labs Si4463
- Current Consumption:
- Transmission: ~100 mA @ max power
- Idle: ~16 mA
- Sleep: ~22 Β΅A
π Connection with USB to Serial Module
Wiring HC-12 to USB Serial Adapter:
| HC-12 Pin | Connects To |
| VCC | 3.3V / 5V |
| GND | GND |
| TXD | RXD (of USB to Serial) |
| RXD | TXD (of USB to Serial) |
| SET | GND (for AT mode) or Floating (for normal) |
To enter Command Mode, pull the SET pin LOW before powering on or resetting the module.
βοΈ Entering Command Mode
- Pull SET pin to GND before powering up the module.
- Keep SET pin LOW to remain in command mode.
- Use a terminal tool (like TeraTerm, PuTTY, or Arduino Serial Monitor) set at Baud: 9600, NL+CR.
π AT Commands Overview
| Command | Description | Example | Response |
| AT | Test connection | AT | OK |
| AT+RX | Show all parameters | AT+RX | See below |
| AT+Bxxxx | Set baud rate | AT+B9600 | OK+B9600 |
| AT+Cxxx | Set channel (001β127) | AT+C021 | OK+C021 |
| AT+FUx | Set transmission mode (1β4) | AT+FU3 | OK+FU3 |
| AT+Px | Set power level (1β8) | AT+P8 | OK+P8 |
| AT+RP | Read power level | AT+RP | OK+P8 |
| AT+SLEEP | Enter sleep mode | AT+SLEEP | OK+SLEEP |
| AT+V | Read firmware version | AT+V | HC-12_V2.5 |
Sample Response from AT+RX:
OK+B9600
OK+C021
OK+FU3
OK+P8
π Transmission Modes (FU1βFU4)
| Mode | Description | Latency | Power Use | Notes |
| FU1 | Balanced mode (default) | Medium | Medium | General-purpose |
| FU2 | Fast, high power | Low | High | Low-latency applications |
| FU3 | Low power, low speed | High | Low | Power-constrained systems |
| FU4 | 1200 bps fixed, ultra-long range | High | Very Low | Fixed speed, long-range |
you must set the same FU mode (e.g., FU1, FU2, etc.) on both HC-12 modules if you want them to communicate successfully.
ο· The FU mode defines how data is transmitted and received (speed, latency, power-saving behavior).
ο· If one module is in FU3 (low power, slow), and the other is in FU2 (high speed), they wonβt understand each otherβs data, and communication will fail.
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